Abstract:Soil samples from different concentrations of radionuclides in typical uranium mining areas were collected. Changes of soil physical and chemical properties, activity concentration of radionuclides 238U, 232Th, 226Ra and 40K, soil respiration and soil enzyme activity of soil samples were analyzed. The results show that soil respiration drops with increase of radionuclide concentration in the areas under study with different concentration, and respiration of the same concentration block is not significant at different depths. There are significant differences in content changes of soil urease, catalase, dehydrogenase, phosphatase and arylsulfatase in the soil with different concentration in the areas under study, which drops with increase of concentration of radionuclide activity. Contents of the above mentioned 5 enzymes in the soil of the same concentration at different depths drop with rise of sampling depth. Radionuclides exert a bigger effect on soil microbial activity.